Universidades sob o autoritarismo estadunidense: relações domésticas fragmentadas, oportunidades transnacionais emergentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54871/cl4c90azPalavras-chave:
liberdade acadêmica, relações entre a universidade e o Estado, autoritarismoResumo
As universidades dos Estados Unidos enfrentam ataques do presidente Trump e de seu partido de extrema direita MAGA, que buscam restringir a autonomia universitária e minar a liberdade acadêmica. Em outubro de 2025, Trump tentou impor um pacto a nove universidades líderes, condicionando o financiamento federal a determinadas exigências. Este ensaio reflete sobre a relação histórica entre universidades e governo, agora desmantelada, e questiona a capacidade das universidades de resistir à intervenção autoritária. Analisa-se o papel de estados de tendência democrata, como a Califórnia, e de marcos regionais e internacionais, como a Coalizão pela Liberdade Acadêmica nas Américas (CLAA) e os Princípios Interamericanos sobre Liberdade Acadêmica e Autonomia Universitária (2021), para enfrentar esses ataques.
Downloads
Referências
Balmer, Randall (2021). Bad Faith: Race and the Rise of the Religious Right. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Beckett, Lois (2 de octubre 2025). California vows to ‘instantly’ cut funding to universities that cave to Trump ‘compact’. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/oct/02/california-university-funding-trump-compact
CAFA [CLAA] (s/f). About CAFA. https://cafa-claa.org/about-cafa/
Darian-Smith, Eve (2023). United States academic freedom in regional and global contexts. Revista Internacional de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales, 33, 129-149.
Darian-Smith, Eve (2025a). Policing Higher Education: The Antidemocratic Attack on Scholars and Why It Matters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Darian-Smith, Eve (2025b). El ataque global a la libertad académica: los límites y el potencial del derecho internacional. London Review of International Law, 13(2).
De Bellis, Maurizia (2024). Litigios climáticos transnacionales: surgimiento y límites de una protección diagonal de los derechos fundamentales. Revista Italiana de Derecho Público, 16(2), 439-459.
Diep, Francie (14 de octubre 2025). Trump Welcomes ‘Any Institution’ to Sign Compact Outlining His Priorities. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/blogs/the-trump-agenda/trump-welcomes-any-institution-to-sign-onto-compact-outlining-his-priorities?utm_source=Iterable&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=campaign_15345029_nl_Weekly-Briefing_date_20251018&sra=true
Gertner, Nancy, David Faigman y Erwin Chemerinksy (14 de abril 2025). La discriminación de Trump contra los estados azules provoca una crisis histórica. Bloomberg Law. https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-discriminating-against-blue-states-sets-up-historic-crisis
George, Robert P., Tom Ginsburg, Robert C. Post, David M. Rabban, Jeannie Suk Gersen, y Keith E. Whittington (16 de octubre 2025). Our Politics Differ, But We Agree: Trump’s ‘Compact’ Violates Academic Freedom. The Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www.chronicle.com/article/our-politics-differ-but-we-agree-trumps-compact-violates-academic-freedom
Gómez Gamboa, David y Ricardo Villalobos Fontalvo (2023). Libertad académica: una perspectiva desde el sistema interamericano de derechos humanos. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 41(2), 67-74.
Hughes, Richard T. y Christina Littlefield (2025). La América cristiana y el Reino de Dios: el nacionalismo cristiano blanco desde los puritanos hasta el 6 de enero de 2021. Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
Kamola, Isaac (2024). Manufacturing Backlash: Right-Wing Think Tanks and Legislative Attacks on Higher Education, 2021–2023. Academe Magazine. aaup.org/manufacturing-backlash-right-wing-think-tanks-and-legislative-attacks-higher-education-2021-2023__cf_chl_tk=rXElm2XLvLYVgFcXGOr3r7_JkHEBUFDU37jjZGj53Qg-1762962544-1.0.1.1-LX7XeLBvOuTJnH_cs4JXKsGRj531fdirz23U9mKR.h0
McDonald, Forrest (2000). Los derechos de los estados y la Unión: Imperium in Imperio, 1776-1876 (Pensamiento político estadounidense). Kansas: University Press of Kansas.
Moody, Josh (24 de octubre 2025). Reading Between the Lines on Compact Responses. Inside Higher Ed. https://www.insidehighered.com/news/governance/executive-leadership/2025/10/24/reading-between-lines-compact-responses?utm_source=Inside+Higher+Ed&utm_campaign=82862cc4ee-DNU_2021_COPY_02&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1fcbc04421-82862cc4ee-712271027&mc_cid=82862cc4ee&mc_eid=5a4cadb4d1
Murcott, Melanie, Maria Antonia Tigre y Nesa Zimmermann (2023). Transnational Insights for Climate Litigation at the European Court of Human Rights: A South-North Perspective in Pursuit of Climate Justice. 56 VRÜ, WCL 299. https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/sabin_climate_change/204
Ramadan, David (8 de octubre 2025). Trump's higher education compact isn't conservative. It's federal intimidation. Opinion. USA Today. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2025/10/08/trump-universities-compact-academic-excellence-federal-funds/86501887007/
Santhanam, Laura (12 de septiembre 2025). 12 ways RFK Jr. has undercut vaccine confidence as health secretary. PBS News. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/12-ways-rfk-jr-has-undercut-vaccine-confidence-as-health-secretary#:~:text=Kennedy%2C%20who%20has%20historically%20advocated,by%20effective%20and%20safe%20vaccines.%E2%80%9D
Stobbe, Mike y Ungar, Laura (18 de septiembre 2025). WATCH: RFK Jr.’s hand-picked vaccine panel recommends new restrictions on MMRV vaccines. PBS News. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/watch-live-rfk-jr-s-hand-picked-vaccine-panel-meets-to-consider-covid-shots-and-more#:~:text=shots%2Dand%2Dmore-,WATCH:%20RFK%20Jr.'s%20hand%2Dpicked%20vaccine%20panel,agency%20upheaval%20under%20RFK%20Jr.
Taylor, Barrett J. y Brendan Cantwell (2024). An Outline of the Postliberal University: Public, Private, and Partisan Goods. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 56(6), 5-11.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Eve Darian-Smith
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
