Tramas y Redes

Public and Private Dimensions in the Use of Artificial Intelligence for Educational Governance: A Discourse Analysis of the OECD

Cleiton Felix de Lima — 2025-06-02

Artificial intelligence has become central for users, developers, and companies. Through discourse analysis, we conducted a case study on the impact of the OECD's discourse on artificial intelligence in education, focusing on interoperability and the governance of data and technology. We analyze the organization’s historical trajectory up to the implementation of PISA and discuss its impact on Brazilian educational policies since the 1990s. We connect historical colonialism, coloniality, and data colonialism to interpret the resurgence of artificial intelligence and the role of the Global South in this context. We conclude that there is an urgent need to create public infrastructures to support a national educational and technological project.

New Transits in Academic Migrants: Racialized Narratives of Nine Black, Brazilian, and Colombian Women in Eight U.S. Cities (2010-2022)

Eva Maria Lucumi Moreno — 2025-06-02

This study compares the migration experiences of nine Black women with postgraduate degrees from prestigious U.S. universities, focusing on Blackness and the intersections of race, gender, class, and language. As the only ones in their academic spaces, they faced prejudice linked to their accents, Afro origins, and Brazilian or Colombian nationalities. Drawing on theoretical references and personal accounts, the article explores what it means to be a Black, Latin American, academic migrant woman in the U.S. The research is innovative in applying narrative methods to racialized experiences and revealing how international academic mobility can converge with skilled migration processes for Afro–Latin American women.

Disputes: Education, Democracy and Social Organization regarding the reform of the Constitution in Jujuy (Argentina)

Patricia Evangelina Patagua — 2025-06-02

In 2023, in Jujuy, Argentina, the Jujeñazo emerged, a movement that brought together territorial action and strategic coordination by diverse social movements and organizations opposing neoliberal policies and the reform of the provincial constitution. This article reflects on the organizational process and the legislative approach adopted by the education commission during the reform, drawing from critical socio-educational perspectives and using qualitative methodology. It concludes that, amid conflicting interests, the right to education is undermined by the intertwining of privatizing logics, social disciplining strategies, and policies of omission or concealment.

The theoretical unity of capitalism-colonialism-racism: dialogues between Brazil and Cuba

Paulo Gabriel Franco dos Santos — 2025-06-02

In this essay, we adopt the theoretical framework of capitalism-colonialism-racism as a fundamental triad that enables us to characterize the issue of racism in Latin America and the Caribbean, while also providing a foundation to support antiracist projects that take into account the radical nature that the issue demands. Thus, based on this theoretical perspective and considering Brazilian and Cuban dynamics and viewpoints, we develop reflections on anti-racism within our respective territories.

Constructions from Absence: Symbolic Factors Shaping Access to Education and Work in Prison

Juan Pablo Palmieri — 2025-06-02

This article presents part of the findings from a research project in a semi-open prison in Sierra Chica, Olavarría, Argentina. It starts from the premise that knowledge about education and prison labor is mostly built from data on those who access such spaces. The study seeks to identify social frameworks that shape the decisions or coercions limiting access to education or work. A qualitative methodology was used, including workshops, interviews, surveys, and records. We present selected practices and meanings that emerge and constrain the ability of incarcerated individuals to access educational and/or work spaces within the prison.

“Public Space came”: Forced Displacements of People Experiencing Homelessness in the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires

Milena Sapey — 2025-06-02

Anyone who has recently slept on the streets of the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires (CABA) will likely mention that “Espacio Público came,” followed by descriptions of violent actions. Here, Espacio Público refers not to a theoretical concept but to a government agency within the local Ministry of Public Space and Urban Hygiene, which not only displaces people sleeping on the streets but often steals or destroys their belongings using physical violence. Based on research on homelessness and mental health, this article explores the subjective impacts of forced displacement and its effects on ways of inhabiting the city’s urban space.

Reform of Secondary Education in Uruguay: a Look at the María Espínola Educational Centers

Gabriela Rodríguez Silva — 2025-06-02

This article analyzes one educational policy of the current Uruguayan government: the María Espínola Educational Centers. It is based on two key official documents that describe elements such as targeting, the role of teachers and management teams, and the pedagogical approach. We focus on the targeted nature of the policy and the conception of the subject present in those texts, which resembles 1990s policies that emphasized students' deficiencies. This vision, combined with other features of the Espínola Centers, represents a step backward in the realization of adolescents’ right to education.

Tramas y Redes. Un logro conjunto para la difusión del conocimiento científico sobre y desde América Latina y el Caribe

Karina Batthyány — 2025-06-02

Los desafíos que enfrentan América Latina y el Caribe, como sabemos, son múltiples y complejos. Gran parte de ellos tienen su origen en la desigualdad estructural que atraviesa la historia de nuestra región, causante de un constante malestar social y procesos persistentes de inestabilidad política. No se trata, por supuesto, de preocupaciones novedosas. La pobreza, la falta de empleo, la concentración de la riqueza y la exclusión son, como todos y todas sabemos, problemas de larga data que las ciencias sociales y las humanidades vienen debatiendo y combatiendo desde siempre, y que se exacerban atizados por los vectores de la globalización, el desarrollo tecnológico acelerado y la polarización ideológica contemporáneos. Mientras se perpetúen la desigualdad y la exclusión, no podremos asistir a genuinos procesos de consolidación de las democracias. En tanto eje transversal explicativo de tantas de las problemáticas a las que se enfrentan las sociedades latinoamericanas y caribeñas, es un imperativo, entonces, que la desigualdad esté en el centro de nuestra agenda política y académica.

Desigualdades y pobreza en el contexto de las políticas socioeconómicas latinoamericanas en el siglo XXI

Iliana Yaschine — 2025-06-02

Los altos niveles de desigualdad y pobreza que han caracterizado históricamente a las sociedades latinoamericanas se han consolidado en lo que la CEPAL denomina una “trampa que obstaculiza el desarrollo” (2024, p. 16). Los rasgos histórico-culturales de los países de la región, junto con sus estructuras productivas, regímenes políticos y sistemas de bienestar, se entrelazan para sostener mecanismos institucionalizados que perpetúan la generación y reproducción intergeneracional de la desigualdad y la pobreza, modelando así la estructura social. Diversos estudios han mostrado que este patrón de persistencia en América Latina, aunque varía entre los diferentes países, se ancla en sociedades poco fluidas que presentan estructuras de clase asociadas a múltiples inequidades sociales y económicas. Estas desigualdades, a su vez, definen las oportunidades de vida y la exposición al riesgo de pobreza (Kessler, 2014; Pérez Sainz, 2016; Solís et al., 2019; Solís y Boado, 2016).

Welfare capitalism regimes and social class mobility. Outcomes for Chile, Mexico, Uruguay and a cluster of European countries

César Augusto Ricardi Morgavi — 2025-06-02

This article compares structural and institutional changes in welfare capitalism
regimes and their relation to social class mobility in Chile, Mexico, Uruguay, and
several European economies (Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, and Germany). It
analyzes how social origins influence class destinations among young workers (aged
25 to 40), using mobility rates and log-linear models. Results show that institutional transformations do not necessarily lead to intergenerational mobility changes.
A decline in social fluidity is observed among younger generations in universalist
regimes like Chile and Uruguay, while an improvement is noted in the familialist
regime exemplified by Spain.

The Paradox of Progress in Latin America? Empirical evidence for 18 countries

Claudia Sámano Robles — 2025-06-02

This study analyzes the impact of educational expansion on income inequality in 18 Latin American countries between 2000 and 2010. While this growth has reduced inequality in some countries, in others it has led to the “Paradox of Progress”: more years of education may increase inequality if returns remain constant. Changes in returns can offset this effect, and outcomes vary across countries. In this regard, the structure of the labor market is crucial. The study concludes that expanding access to education is necessary but not sufficient: policies must improve the quality of education and align it with labor market demands to achieve greater equity.

Welfare Policies and Public Health: Limits and Contradictions of the Conditional Cash Transfer Model

Micaela Anahi Maria Aguirre — 2025-06-02

This article analyzes transformations in public health based on interventions in the social question by the Familias en Acción (COL) and Asignación Universal por Hijo para la Protección Social (ARG) programs from 2000 to 2021. It presents findings from a comparative, qualitative study framed within a comprehensive, exploratory interpretative approach. The conditional model perpetuates existential inequality and reinforces poverty-related hardships such as food insecurity and inadequate housing. It concludes that this model has limited capacity to sustain healthy lives and reinforces narratives regarding the minimal role of the State and the centrality of the family in social protection.

Economic, Social, and Institutional Structures: The Reproduction of Poverty and Inequality in Ecuador

Iván Mideros Mora — 2025-06-02

Poverty and inequality are not circumstantial issues nor solely determined by individual traits, but are perpetuated through the interaction of economic, social, and institutional structures. Low productivity, enclave economies, and precarious labor conditions intertwine with systemic racism and sexism. In the absence of a state capable of guaranteeing rights and redistributing wealth, these conditions persist in certain territories and population groups. The analysis of the Ecuadorian case (2019–2023) at the provincial level shows that poverty is shaped by inequality, lack of public services, absence of social security, ethnic disparities, and the primarization of the economy. This demonstrates the prevalence of structural gaps that reproduce poverty and inequality.

Beyond poverty: labor and social exclusion in El Salvador

Saira Johanna Barrera — 2025-06-02

This article analyzes social exclusion as an alternative approach to poverty and questions the role of labor as a path to inclusion in El Salvador. It is based on research aiming to broadly and multidimensionally understand the relationship between labor dynamics and social exclusion, and proposes a Social Exclusion Index (IES) for the country. Drawing on Pérez Sáinz’s (2012) theoretical perspective, it argues that primary exclusion and the erosion of social citizenship consolidate exclusion. The methodology is quantitative and includes the design of the IES. Results show an increase in social exclusion in 2023 (65%) compared to the 2009–2019 average (53%).

Neocolonialism and ethnic inequality in the avocado enclave in Michoacán, Mexico

José Luis Saldana Contreras — 2025-06-02

This article analyzes the avocado enclave in Michoacán as a contemporary expression of neo-colonialism in Indigenous contexts. Drawing on enclave, dependency, and coloniality, it explores how the export-oriented agroindustry reproduces ethnic inequalities and precarious labor, especially among Indigenous workers. Based on interviews with producers and laborers, it identifies territorial dispossession, productive reconversion, and identity transformation. It concludes that this agroexport model relies on the superexploitation of Indigenous labor and on a territorial governance structure subordinated to external interests, limiting the economic and cultural reproduction of communities.

Social Inequalities and Territory Defense: Perspectives from Impoverished Women. Alto Fucha, Bogotá y Comuna 8, Medellín, Colombia

Lina María Saldarriaga Escobar — 2025-06-02

The defense of territory is a strategic action carried out by collectives and communities to confront social inequalities, including socio-territorial ones. This article analyzes women’s experiences in collective action processes aimed at improving living conditions in unequal urban contexts. Using a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews and documentary research, the study shows that in urban-popular sectors of two Colombian capitals, multidimensional inequalities persist, reinforced by historical forms of exclusion. It concludes that the inequalities perceived by women are shaped by power arrangements in asymmetrical contexts, where territorial defense and knowledge exchange emerge as transformative mechanisms to address and confront structural inequities.

Uma Casa Caliban para o nosso Continente

Fernando Luis Rojas López — 2025-06-02

This article introduces the dossier Archives, which analyzes the role of Casa de las Américas as a fundamental space for the expansion and consolidation of a Latin American and Caribbean cultural identity. It presents the documents and articles that examine this role and highlights key milestones such as the creation of the Caribbean Studies Center, the inclusion of Creole literature in its awards, and the legacy of figures like Haydee Santamaría, Roberto Fernández Retamar, and Jorge Fornet.

Semblanza de Haydee Santamaría

Roberto Fernández Retamar — 2025-06-02

Cómo haremos

2025-06-02

La mansa idea revolucionaria de Thoreau

Ezequiel Martínez Estrada — 2025-06-02

Bueno entre buenos

Haydee Santamaría — 2025-06-02

Carta a Pablo Neruda

Haydee Santamaría — 2025-06-02

The Laberinth and the Maps. The Caribbean Archive at Casa de las Américas

Camila Valdés León — 2025-06-02

This article presents a research which started in 2016 in the archives of the Caribbean Studies Center (CEC) at Casa de las Américas. Its aim was to reconstruct the Caribbean’s trajectory within the institution’s cultural work since 1959, using documents such as correspondence, reports, journals, and editorial projects. The study highlights the richness of this archival collection, reflecting a democratic and inclusive cultural management, though not without contradictions. It also emphasizes the importance of memory and archival practices as tools to understand the Caribbean’s intellectual relationships and identity projects in contexts of decolonization and geopolitical reconfiguration.

A House for Social Sciences

Ana Niria Albo Díaz — 2025-06-02

This article analyzes the role of Casa de las Américas in the dissemination of social sciences in Latin America since the 1960s. Specifically, it examines and discusses its editorial catalog up to 2024. The study highlights Casa’s capacity for management, research, development, and publication while maintaining the interdisciplinarity that has characterized the social and human sciences since the publication of Ezequiel Martínez Estrada’s essay Análisis funcional de la cultura in 1960.

A Greater Act of Imagination

Jorge Fornet — 2025-06-02

Speech delivered on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of Casa de las Américas on April 27, 2024. It highlights the relationship between the Casa de las Américas' founding and the Cuban Revolution, its Pan-American spirit, and the difficulties that the institution and Cuba still face today due to the trade embargo. It also includes testimonies from Alejo Carpentier, Rodolfo Walsh, Julio Cortázar, and Emil Rodríguez Monegal, among others.

Multiple Modernities for Latin America: Religion, Popular Groups, and Politics. An Interview with Fortunato Malimacci

Verónica Giménez Béliveau — 2025-06-02

Verónica Giménez Béliveau es socióloga, egresada de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Doctora en sociología (EHESS-UBA), e investigadora principal del CONICET. Se especializa en el estudio de la sociabilidad católica y de las formas de identificación nacionales, étnicas y religiosas en la Triple Frontera entre Argentina, Brasil y Paraguay.

Fortunato Mallimaci es doctor en Sociología por la École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales de París. Es investigador principal del CONICET en el Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Laborales (CEIL) y profesor titular en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la UBA. En 2023, fue nombrado Profesor Emérito de la UBA. Entre sus obras más influyentes se destaca El mito de la Argentina laica: catolicismo, política y Estado (2015).